In order to exploit the maximum potential for energy efficient driving without DAS, three factors are essential:

• General speed and coasting recommendations: In order for drivers to be able to exploit the existing potential, they have to be given recommendations or guidelines what to do. This can include extra timetables for internal use of drivers telling them when to coast etc., signs along the way indicating optimum points of coasting (provided the train is ahead of time)
• Training programmes: Drivers have to be familiarised with these measures and instructed how to use them. This requires dedicated training efforts.
• Incentives for drivers: Drivers have to be motivated to adhere to the recommendations given. Monetary incentives are confronted with high barriers. However, other incentives such as driving competitions for energy efficient driving have proven effective at DB AG and may be a promising method to raise interest for such measures.