Technologies        
  Hauptmenu
 
    Introduction
    Database
    -  Technologies
  -  Projects
    Calendar
    Discussions
    Contact & Links
    Imprint & Disclaimer
    Sitemap
 
 


     
 
Content
 
back to list go back to technology list      previous previous technology  next technology  next

   Biodiesel  evaluated  
There are various substitutes for diesel fuel ranging from biodiesel (e.g. oil esters from rape seed) to "synthetic" fuels. The following evaluation refers to rape oil methyl-ester (RME). Biodiesel can be used on all diesel engines with slight or no modification. Blending with conventional diesel is possible.
Technology field: Optimisation of traction technologies
open main section General information
close main section General criteria
  close sub-section Status of development: test series
    Biofuels were tested by German DB AG (tests with RME in DMUs), Czech CD and Hungarian MAV and possibly others.
  Time horizon for broad application: 5 - 10 years
    Due to high barriers to be overcome and problems to be resolved, broad application will hardly be realised in the next five years. Broad application is however generally doubtful due to economic and environmental drawbacks.
  Expected technological development: basically exploited
    cf. Technological potential outside railways
    Motivation:
    The main motivation for the use of biodiesel lies in fuel availability, regenerativity (and consequent CO2 reduction) and lower toxic emissions. Some railways may consider biofuels if fuel cells fail.
  Benefits (other than environmental): small
   

Compared to natural gas

In contrast to natural gas, biodiesel can be used on the same motors as conventional diesel.

Land use

Planting rape may be a reasonable alternative to make use of fallow land.

  Barriers: high
   

Costs

The production of biodiesel is very expensive and can currently only subsist with subventions.

Infrastructure

Biodiesel would require a parallel supply infrastructure (at least during parallel use with conventional diesel).

Wear

Due to its chemical properties, RME increases motor wear (especially on gaskets etc.). In many cases RME resistant motor components are required.

Lubricant dilution

Combustion temperature has to be carefully controlled, since low temperature may lead to the dilution of oil lubricant.

Smell

The exhaust of biodiesel has an unpleasant smell (similar to french fries!).

Storage

Being a natural product, biodiesel can be affected and destroyed by bacteria infestation. This may be a problem for fuel storage.

Legislation

CD (Czech Railways) carried out tests, but legislation prevents introduction into fleet.

Environmental balance

Cultivation of rape implies the use of toxic substances like pesticides and extensive area consumption.

    Success factors:
    The production of rape depends to a certain extent on EU regulations (including limits for oil-seed cultivation). The European Commission plans a program for funding alternative fuels including biodiesel.
  Applicability for railway segments: medium
    Type of traction:  diesel
    Type of transportation:  passenger - main lines, passenger - regional lines, passenger - suburban lines, freight
    Virtually all diesel vehicles can run on biodiesel.
    Grade of diffusion into railway markets:
  Diffusion into relevant segment of fleet: < 5%
  Share of newly purchased stock: (no data)
    RME or vegetable oil do not play any role in European rail operation yet.
  Market potential (railways): low
    In principle, railway diesel fleets could operate on biodiesel but limitations make a wide-spread use unlikely.
    Example:
    No in-service use at present.
open main section Environmental criteria
open main section Economic criteria
open main section Application outside railway sector
open main section Overall rating
References / Links:  Bünder 2001;  DB AG, Zentralbereich 1996;  Hörl et al. 2001;  IFEU 2000;  Institute of Transport... 2001;  Nolte et al. 1998;  Umweltbundesamt 2000;  UNDP 1997;  Pfretzschner (1997)
Attachments:
Related projects:  Energy chains of alternative fuels
Contact persons:
 date created: 2002-10-09
 
 
© UIC - International Union of Railways 2003
 
Aktionmenu
 
 Your contribution
   add technology
 Views of this page
   show overview
   show evaluation
   show details
 Print options
   print data sheet
   print screen
 Help
   Evaluation briefing
   Technology list
    French - German