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   Double-decked stock  evaluated  
Double-decked trains have 20-40% more seating capacity per train length leading to positive impacts on energy efficiency and cost effectiveness.
Technology field: Space utilisation
close main section General information
  open sub-section Description
close main section General criteria
  open sub-section Status of development: in use
  Time horizon for broad application: now
  Expected technological development: basically exploited
  Benefits (other than environmental): medium
  Barriers: high
  Applicability for railway segments: high
    Type of traction:  electric - DC, electric - AC, diesel
    Type of transportation:  passenger - main lines, passenger - high speed, passenger - regional lines, passenger - suburban lines
    Grade of diffusion into railway markets:
  Diffusion into relevant segment of fleet: 5 - 20%
  Share of newly purchased stock: < 20%
  Market potential (railways): high
close main section Environmental criteria
  open sub-section Impacts on energy efficiency:
  Energy efficiency potential for single vehicle: > 10%
  Energy efficiency potential throughout fleet: > 5%
  Other environmental impacts: neutral
close main section Economic criteria
  open sub-section Vehicle - fix costs: low
  Vehicle - running costs: significant reduction
  Infrastructure - fix costs: strongly dependent on specific application
  Infrastructure - running costs: unchanged
  Scale effects: low
  Amortisation: strongly dependent on specific application
no data available Application outside railway sector (this technology is railway specific)
close main section Overall rating
  open sub-section Overall potential: very promising
  Time horizon: short-term
References / Links:  Euro Transport Consult 1997;  Reemtsema, Kurz 1997;  Andersson, Berg 1999;  Moreau 1998
Attachments:
Related projects:  New double-decked Regiorunners
Contact persons:
 date created: 2002-10-09
 
 
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